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Listen to a story about a car accident I had many years ago!

You’ll also learn how to say the modal verb phrases “should have” and “should not have” in fast, natural spoken English.

 

Welcome to the English Teacher Melanie Podcast, a podcast for intermediate to advanced English learners who want to improve their English listening and speaking skills!

Each episode includes a story and a pronunciation tip. In the story, I use core vocabulary, the most common words in English, to tell a real world story. The pronunciation tip will help you understand natural spoken English.

You’ll hear the story twice. The first time, the story is a little slower than normal. It sounds funny because I used editing software to change the speed of the story and make it slower. After the pronunciation tip, you’ll hear the story again, but at a regular speed.

 

THE STORY

I consider myself a good driver. I’ve been driving for over 20 years. I’ve only been in one accident and I’ve only gotten one speeding ticket. Still, I hate making left turns, because I got in an accident once making a left-hand turn. We drive on the right-hand side of the road in North America, so when you make a left turn, you’re driving in front of cars coming in the opposite direction.

Learn more: Use the present perfect to talk about your life experiences

The accident happened at a busy intersection. I’d been waiting a while in the left-hand turn lane at the traffic lights, and there was one car in front of me. The light turned amber and the car in front of me turned left. I followed the car hoping to beat the red light. I’d just assumed that the cars in the other direction had already stopped since the car in front of me was turning left.

Learn more: How to use I, me, myself, and my

I saw too late that a car had sped up and was trying to beat the red light. I was hit in the middle of the intersection. The car slammed into my passenger-side door. I completed the left-hand turn and pulled over to the side of the road. There was an off-duty police officer in the car behind me who witnessed the accident. I don’t remember who called the police, but an officer arrived at the scene. He explained that both drivers were at fault and he gave both of us tickets. I shouldn’t have tried to rush through the amber light. I should have checked that all the cars had stopped before I started the left turn.

I wasn’t hurt. The other driver wasn’t hurt, either. There was damage to the passenger-side door and it cost me a lot of money to repair the door! I didn’t fight the ticket in court. I paid the fine. Now, I avoid making left-hand turns as much as possible, especially at a busy intersection!

Listen:
My Car Died | Episode 19
My License Plate | Episode 08

 

 

PRONUNCIATION TIP

HOW TO SAY “SHOULD HAVE” AND “SHOULD NOT HAVE” IN FAST NATURAL SPOKEN ENGLISH

This transcript uses IPA symbols to represent sounds and teach pronunciation. Learn more about the IPA here.

Listen to a sentence from the story:

I should have checked that all the cars had stopped

Did you hear the modal verb phrase should have in that sentence? In fast, natural spoken English, should have is pronounced /ʃʊɾəv/.

Should
The modal verb should is only 3 sounds: ʃ ʊ d

The L is silent. Don’t say the L. Should rhymes with good, wood/would, and hood.

Click here to see if your language has the vowel sound [ʊ]: (Wikipedia)

Have
Have, in this phrase, is an auxiliary verb. It’s a helping verb. The main verb is the verb after have.

To make the verb phrase easier to say, should and have are contracted. They form the spoken contraction “should’ve.”

“Should’ve” is an informal written contraction. In formal writing, like in an essay or in a report for work, it is better to write out should have. Both Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary and the Cambridge Dictionary list “should’ve” as a contraction of should and have. However, one of the grammar books that I use, Practical English Usage by Michael Swan, does not list “should’ve” as an accepted written contraction.

The helping verb have is reduced in this contraction. It becomes the sound /əv/. Yes, it sounds the same as the preposition of. There is no H sound and the vowel sound becomes the reduced vowel schwa sound [ə].

Learn more: The reduced form of the preposition of | Episode 09

The D is between two vowel sounds, and it’s at the beginning of an unstressed syllable. It becomes the alveolar flap sound. I talk about this sound in a few pronunciation tips, because it’s a common sound in American English.

Listen: Pronunciation tips that explain the alveolar flap sound
episode 31
episode 30
episode 26
episode 24

The T and D consonant sounds have the same mouth position. T is voiceless and D is voiced. However, both become the same alveolar flap sound when they’re at the beginning of an unstressed syllable and between two vowel sounds.

The alveolar flap sound is not a T or a D sound. It’s a quick tongue tap. The tip of your tongue quickly hits or taps the gum ridge behind your top teeth.

Listen carefully:
/ʃʊɾəv/ -or- /ʃʊt̬əv/

Notice that I’m not saying /ʃʊdəv/ with a hard D sound.

I should have checked that all the cars had stopped …

In very fast, informal speech, some speakers will shorten have even more and just say the reduced vowel schwa sound [ə]:
/ʃʊɾə/ -or- /ʃʊt̬ə/
Shouldn’t have
Listen to another sentence from the story:

I shouldn’t have tried to rush through the amber light.

Did you hear the modal verb phrase should not have in that sentence? In fast, natural spoken English, shouldn’t have is pronounced /ʃʊdnəv/.

Shouldn’t is a contraction of the words should and not. The contraction ends with the letters D, N, T. I’ve already told you that the D and T have the same mouth position. Both sounds start with the tip of your tongue pressed against the gum ridge behind your top teeth. This is ALSO the starting mouth position for the N consonant sound. The difference is that the N consonant sound is continuous and it comes out of your nose. Try it: [n]

When you say the first part should, don’t finish the D sound. Stop the sound, but keep the tip of your tongue pressed up against the gum ridge behind your top teeth. Without moving your tongue, go straight into the N sound. Listen:

/ʃʊdn/

The N and T have the same mouth position, they are both in the unstressed syllable, and the T is followed by a vowel sound. When that happens, American English speakers skip the T sound and go straight into the next sound. The next sound is the reduced form of have.

Put those sounds together: ʃʊd n əv

/ʃʊdnəv/

I shouldn’t have tried …

Again, in very fast, informal speech, some speakers will shorten have even more and just say the reduced vowel schwa sound [ə]:
/ʃʊdnə/

When American English speakers are speaking slowly or when they want to speak clearly, they may say should have or should not have very clearly. It’s not wrong to fully pronounce these modal verb phrases. It’s important that you know all the ways of saying these phrases so that you can hear all the ways of saying them.
Note: the IPA symbol for the alveolar flap is [ɾ]. However, none of the dictionaries for English learners use this symbol, maybe because it looks too much like an r. Some dictionaries do not use any symbol to represent the flap sound. They use use the regular [t] symbol. Other dictionaries use the symbol [ t̬ ]. I have chosen to use both in this pronunciation tip.

 

QUESTIONS

• Have you ever been in an accident?
• Have you ever gotten a speeding ticket?

Leave me a comment below!