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Core Vocabulary: The English Words You Need to Know

Posted on October 29, 2012 by Melanie

Core Vocabulary: The English Words You Need to Know

October 29, 2012 by Melanie

Core Vocabulary: The English words you need to know | English Teacher Melanie

Why is it taking so long to learn English?

Do you remember when you started learning English? It was so easy and fun! You learned so many new words. It was easy to learn words like dog and house and cheese. Before you knew it, you could form a sentence. One day you realized you could have a basic conversation with someone in English. That was exciting!

Then, something happened, and you’re not quite sure what. It’s taking more and more time now just to make small improvements. When you read something, you still have to look up many words in the dictionary. You learn lots of new words but you can’t remember them all and when you want to explain your opinion, you can’t find the right words to use. You can’t express yourself as clearly as you would like to, or as clearly as you can in your native language (the first language you learned to speak and are fluent in, and the language you use every day).

It seems to be taking a long time to learn English.

Here’s why:

Core Vocabulary | English Teacher Melanie
(Source: Oxford Dictionaries)

This is a chart from Oxford Dictionaries website. The Oxford English Corpus (OEC) is a collection of texts (books, newspapers, magazines, blogs, emails, speeches etc.) that shows how the English language is used in real situations. It has information on all the words native English speakers use in speaking and writing. The people who put together the Oxford Dictionaries examined the OEC to see how many words native speakers actually use. In this chart, a lemma is the base form of a word; for example the lemma climb includes the different word forms climbs, climbing, and climbed.

According to this chart, you only need to know 10 words to understand 25% of everything native speakers say and write. You need to know 100 words to understand 50% of everything native speakers say and write, and 1000 words to understand 75% of all the words used in common, everyday English. That’s why it was so easy to get to the intermediate level.

Congratulations! You already know at least 75% of what native speakers say and write!

Now look at the 90% level. This is the most important part of the chart. Native speakers use just 7000 words for 90% of everything they say and write!

To move from the intermediate level to the advanced or fluent level, you need to learn 6000 more words. That’s why it seems to be taking so long!

Of course, there are more than 7000 words used in English. It’s impossible to count all the words in the entire language, and new words are added all the time. Here’s how the Oxford English Dictionary explains English:

English consists of a small number of very common words, a larger number of intermediate ones, and then an indefinitely long ‘tail’ of very rare terms.

You don’t need to know all 1 million+ words in the English language. I am a native speaker, and I don’t know all 1 million+ words in English.

In the chart above from Oxford Dictionaries, I know all the words like at the 90% level. I can use all those words in a sentence. At the 95% level, I can understand the words saboteur, autocracy, and conformist. I have probably read them in a book at some point in my life, but I don’t use them in my everyday conversation. In fact, I don’t think I have EVER used those words in conversation!. At the 99% level, I have no idea what those words mean. I have never seen those words before, and I’m confident I don’t need to know them.

 

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Not all English words are equal. Learn the right words.

Those 7000 words are the key to speaking English well. Those 7000 words are the core vocabulary of English. They are the most common words used in English. You need to know those words AND be able to use those words.

The less common words are important, but they are mostly for reference. You need to know them to understand what you’re reading or listening to, but you probably don’t need to use them in your everyday conversations.

You need to spend more time learning the 7000 core vocabulary words, and less time worrying about advanced, rare words. [Click to tweet this!]

 

How do I learn all 7000 core vocabulary words?

There is no list of all 7000 words, but there are resources on the internet that can help you identify core vocabulary words.

Oxford Dictionaries has a list of what it has identified as the 3000 most common words used in English. Oxford calls these words keywords. When you see or hear a new word, you can check this list and see if the word is on this list. When you look up a word in the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary (choose “American English”), you will see a key symbol identifying the word as one of the 3000 most common words on Oxford’s list.

Oxford Dictionaries also has an excellent resource called the Text Checker. You can copy and paste any text into the box, and click on “Check Text.” It will tell if you any words in your text are not on the keyword list.

Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary also has a list of the 3000 most common words in English. Merriam-Webster calls these words core vocabulary. When you see or hear a new word, you can check this list and see if the word is on this list. There is no symbol in the listing that will tell you if it is a core vocabulary word. However, the Learner’s Dictionary has a great feature where you can save a word by clicking on the red star. You can return later to see your own list of words and study them. You need to set up an account with the Learner’s Dictionary to do this. (The Merriam-Webster’s Learner’s Dictionary focuses on American English.)

The Macmillan Online Dictionary has the best resource for identifying core vocabulary words. Macmillan has identified the 7500 most common words in English and calls this group of words core vocabulary. Macmillan does not publish a list of words in this group, but it has an excellent way of identifying core vocabulary words. When you look up a word in the Macmillan online dictionary, the word will either be red or black. If the word is black, it is not a core vocabulary word. It is just a reference word. If the word is red, however, it is a core vocabulary word. Further, Macmillan has a star system to identify how common the word is.

 

http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/opinion

 

You can see that there are 3 red stars *** after the word opinion. This means that opinion is one of the 2500 most frequently used words in English. You need to know these words, you need to understand these words, and you need to be able to use them in conversation. Two red stars ** means that the word is one of the next 2500 most common words. Two-star words are part of the core vocabulary, but they are not as frequently used as the 3-star words. One red star * means that the word is one of the next 2500 most common words.

The Macmillan dictionary has very comprehensive entries for red words. You can see in the above listing for opinion, there is a long list of collocations, phrases, and sentence structures that go with the word. (NOTE: The Macmillan dictionary has both British or American definitions. At the bottom of the entry, you can change to the British or American definition.)

 

In the Oxford Dictionaries chart at the start of this article, the word the calyx appears at the 95% level. This is a black word in the Macmillan dictionary, so it’s not part of the core vocabulary. Also, it says biology, so I know that this is a word used in science, not in everyday conversation.

http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/calyx

 

Don’t panic. Don’t get discouraged. Be excited!

Throughout this website and my listening lessons, I use the term core vocabulary to mean that 7000 words that Oxford Dictionaries identified as 90% of everything native speakers say and write. I check the words in all three dictionaries.

This entire post was written using core vocabulary. The only words in this entire article that are not core vocabulary are:

  • calyx (and I only used that word as an example of reference vocabulary)
  • blog, download, podcast (these words are still fairly new and are becoming common, everyday words)
  • indefinitely (used in a quote from another blog)
  • keyword (the name of Oxford Dictionaries’ list of common words)

Did you notice that there were a few words in this article in purple? Those words may seem like difficult or advanced words, but they are part of core vocabulary and you need to know those words, too!

Seeing or hearing a new word does not mean there is a problem with your English. It does not mean that your English is worse than you thought it was. It’s just another opportunity to improve your English.

Some of my students get angry at themselves when they don’t know a word or can’t remember a word. They think that seeing or hearing a new word means they have failed and they have not yet mastered English.

You will be learning new English words for the rest of your life. Read that sentence again. Even native speakers are always learning new words, so don’t get angry with yourself because you don’t know every word in the English language. You will never know every word in the English language. I don’t know every word in the English language!

Be excited when you see a new word! You are one word closer to being fluent and sounding like a native speaker!

 

Listen to the English Teacher Melanie Podcast

I created this podcast for you. The purpose of this podcast is to help you learn, understand, and remember core vocabulary.

The English Teacher Melanie podcast is a series of listening lessons. Each listening lesson includes a story. I write each story using core vocabulary. Each story is about something that happened in my daily life in Canada. It is easier to remember new words when you can connect the word to a real event.

 

Pace Yourself

Remember, not only do you need to know a word, you need to be able to use a word in a sentence and in conversation. If you try to learn too many words in one day, you’ll forget more than you’ll remember. One to five words a day is a good pace to improve your vocabulary. There is no time limit for learning English! You don’t have to learn every word as fast as possible.

Some words may have multiple definitions. Learn the definition in the context of where you heard/saw the word. Don’t try to memorize every single meaning of the word all at the same time.

Learning English is not a race!

 

 

What do you think? Are you ready to focus on core vocabulary? How can you add core vocabulary to your daily studies?

 

(Please note: this article has been rewritten since it was first published in 2012. I have updated the information on how to identify core vocabulary words.)

 

Filed Under: Blog, Popular, Study Tips

Comments

  1. Juan Mosqueda says

    October 29, 2012 at 6:16 pm

    Thank so much it’s a great article with information so valuable that I will share with everyone I know that want to learn English.

  2. sunny says

    October 30, 2012 at 2:31 pm

    really encouraging information.thanks madam.

  3. Eric Roth says

    October 30, 2012 at 10:38 pm

    That’s a smart, sensible approach – especially if you’re learning English for academic purposes. You might also take a look at the Academic Word List (AWL).

  4. Paul says

    November 1, 2012 at 6:38 pm

    Thanks for the interesting information. Thanks for motivation. Your work is very good and useful. You make a good job.

  5. Ana says

    November 4, 2012 at 9:31 pm

    I think this is one of the best articles I’ve seen on the whole Internet about learning English, Melanie! Thank you very much and congrats!!!

  6. mathembi sithole says

    November 7, 2012 at 7:31 am

    I’m a African woman who didn’t get an opportunity to learn English…but now i know that i still have time to learn and improve my ENGLISH..thanks…thanks

  7. Xavier says

    November 13, 2012 at 10:18 pm

    I was angry of myself for know understand a word even a sentences some time, but his article really motivated me to continue in my learning of the language and improve my vocabulary and pronunciation.

    Thank You so much

  8. Eman says

    November 18, 2012 at 8:52 pm

    Thanks a million. 🙂
    This article is excellent.

  9. rahul kumar says

    December 21, 2012 at 5:19 am

    very nice post very good

  10. Mukesh says

    December 26, 2012 at 12:22 am

    Thanks madam,

  11. Sriram says

    February 19, 2013 at 2:18 am

    Hi Melanie,

    Thanks for sharing valuable information. It has motivated me to learn new words.

    Am excited to learn all the information shared!!!

    Regards,
    Sriram

  12. Shawn says

    March 6, 2013 at 7:18 pm

    Dear Melanie,

    This is a great article and extremely helpful.

    I’m a corporate trainer at a very large steel company and I have a group of students that understand grammar, but lack the vocabulary needed to vocalize what needs to be said. I’ve been looking around for some ideas to help build their vocabulary and this is perfect advice.

    The Macmillan site is a fantastic discovery! Thank you for sharing it with the world.

  13. belajar says

    March 25, 2013 at 4:29 am

    hy… i have though about this before i mean core vocabulary when i read some article in english. your web very useful and gave me spirit to keep on study english. thanks so much

  14. Anurag says

    March 29, 2013 at 1:01 pm

    This article is so nice,so good.

  15. Agnes says

    April 11, 2013 at 9:48 am

    My heart is so happy than I see this article! Thanks! 🙂 🙂

  16. Jo says

    April 11, 2013 at 11:08 pm

    Hi Melenie,
    I have been studying in oversea for almost 4 years now. However, my English skills is still very bad, my English vocabularies is quite poor( actually I can read n unde stand it but I don’t know how to apply in the real conversation). Also, my speaking, I speak my own language all the time eventhought I living in an English courtry;). It’s very sad and disspointed. I am started to feel depressing now.
    I really really wanted to speak English frequently, n FOUND YOUR ARTICLE quite good for me to LEARN. But just studying without someone to talk and practice with, it’s little hard. 🙁
    Hopefully, you don’t mind to give me some advice.
    Warmest wish

    • Melanie says

      April 12, 2013 at 1:57 pm

      Hi, Jo!

      You are not alone. This is very common nowadays. I hear a lot from people who have immigrated to an English-speaking country, only to find they speak their native language more than English.

      You really have to make an effort to find people to speak English with. Find a job with English speakers. Do you play any sports or have any hobbies? Get involved in activities with English speakers. Watch English TV shows & movies. Do you live in a major city? Try to find a private tutor who you can talk to at least once a week, if not more. You can try googling “private English teacher ” (or instead of ‘teacher,’ type ‘tutor’).

      Good luck to you!
      = )

  17. Hesham says

    April 18, 2013 at 7:34 pm

    Thanks so much Melanie really helpful article plz keep it up!!!!

  18. marco says

    April 18, 2013 at 10:07 pm

    Thanks for the important information.
    It is so helpful for us. Have a great day 🙂 melanie

  19. Ahmed says

    June 4, 2013 at 3:03 pm

    This is absolutely one of the best articles I ever read in my life … ^^ thank you

  20. FASLOON says

    June 4, 2013 at 4:20 pm

    Thank you i learn lot of really good one . i thing improve my English hardly

  21. rajni says

    June 8, 2013 at 6:55 am

    Thanx Melaine for such a motivated article.

  22. Thipan says

    June 22, 2013 at 4:36 pm

    you help me to improve my English, thank you, thank you.

  23. marcelo says

    September 17, 2013 at 9:57 am

    Great article…
    I’m gonna send to my students.

  24. Arul Doss says

    September 21, 2013 at 2:58 am

    Consists of an absolutely encouraging information. I keep growing on the way i opt for. Thank you once again…..!!!

  25. c.thomas noble says

    October 15, 2013 at 8:32 am

    thank a lot for your service.

  26. José says

    October 22, 2013 at 9:59 pm

    Hello , Melany. You are awesome teacher. I like your manner of teaching ,You can teach us very easy and with passion.I intend to visit Canada in the future ,I have a nice who live in Toronto and who knows we can speak tet a tet as we say here in Brazil. I like to travel and english language is our international communication.Your tips and lessons are very important and I listen and read all about. Thank you very much ,and God bless you . All the best.

  27. lwin says

    April 25, 2014 at 10:14 am

    thanks a million for this great articles!
    you understand our points!

  28. shifa says

    May 28, 2014 at 5:33 am

    it is very good

  29. elijah says

    December 27, 2015 at 4:02 am

    wonderful and useful….. appreciate a lot

  30. Reem says

    May 8, 2016 at 2:09 pm

    Thank you so much ,it is amazing article includes a lot of motivation sentences . Thank you again for your efforts.

  31. Rodrigo Motta says

    June 6, 2016 at 12:14 pm

    Dear Teacher Melanie, you are revolutionizing my learning.. in each post I can do some improvement in my knowledge and its seems possible now.. Thank you so much for to help a lot of people..

  32. Mohammad Sharif says

    June 18, 2016 at 3:35 am

    Dear Melanie,

    Hello.
    I proud to be one of your students learning English with many others from all over the world.
    Things you are posting are really helpful for those who want to be a well-speaker of English; therefore I appreciate your efforts and hardworking and wish you be with us.
    So long,
    Mohammad Sharif

  33. Ying Htang says

    October 14, 2016 at 3:35 am

    Thank you Teacher. I have learned a lots from you. Now, I understand how to study vocabularies. I will share that I have learned from you to my friends too.

  34. darkocean/J says

    April 1, 2017 at 2:13 am

    I’m glad I found this. It wasn’t exactly what I searched for, but it did make me aware of another reason not to go overboard … on always trying to find a different word when I feel one is over used. Now, I’m going to think about non-native English readers too, before choosing a more advanced word. Hum … so many things to think about.

    I won’t and can’t always do this, but I know I’ll consider carefully if a change is really needed.

    Now, to go read thise nice lists, thanks!

  35. Agim says

    May 25, 2017 at 6:01 am

    Hi, Melanie
    I’ve been an English teacher for a long time now, and I’ve also read a lot about both teaching and learning EFL, but I don’t recall of having read anything of the kind lately. I must admit that I find your ‘secrets to a better English’ very enlightening. Keep up with the good work of ‘an unsung hero’, because I really think that you’re ‘Simply … AWESOME’!

    • Melanie says

      May 26, 2017 at 2:16 pm

      You are so kind! Thank you so much for your kind words!

  36. Spanish Lessons says

    May 26, 2017 at 9:01 pm

    Hi there, Neat write-up. There’s an problem with the web page in web browser, could go here? Internet explorer nonetheless will be the sector chief in addition to a superior section of men and women will rule out a person’s wonderful writing because of this challenge.. Spanish lessons

  37. Mohsen says

    October 29, 2017 at 3:08 pm

    Hi dear melanie!
    Thank you so much.This post is one of best ( you can assume “best “) points about learning vocabulary that I have learned by now.
    Now I have a question:
    Is there thing like this about “english grammar “?
    Such as “core (or most common..) grammar rules”

    Thanks again.

    • Melanie says

      October 30, 2017 at 5:59 pm

      Hmmm, that’s a good question, Mohsen!

      I have never heard of any core English grammar rules. I will research this.

      Thank you for the suggestion!

  38. Véronique says

    January 24, 2018 at 11:39 am

    Hello,

    great article, clear, interesting and encouraging!

    thanks!

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